Abrasive/scrub

Ingredients with the function of an abrasive work due to small solid particles that mechanically remove dead skin cells, dirt residues and excess sebum from the skin surface. Due to this, the skin after application usually seems smoother, softer and visually even, and the texture of cleansers and scrubs becomes more "polishing". In flushable formulas, such particles help enhance cleansing, and in oral products and some skin products they can also contribute to a more thorough mechanical cleaning of the surface. The European CosIng database classifies the abrasive function among the officially used cosmetic functions of ingredients, and the FDA separately indicates that microgranules and other solid particles were used in flushed cosmetics specifically for cleansing and exfoliation. (single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu)

For example, Silica and Hydrated Silica, as well as cellulose particles, are most often found in this role. Silica is valued for its ability to provide a noticeable but controlled scrubbing effect and is widely used in cosmetics and oral hygiene products; CIR ratings confirm its widespread use in such formulas. In this case, the severity of the effect depends not only on the substance itself, but also on the size, shape and number of particles: the larger and harder they are, the more active the mechanical exfoliation is. Therefore, it is better to use such products for their intended purpose and without excessive pressure, especially on sensitive or damaged skin, since too much friction can cause irritation. The FDA reminds that cosmetic products should be safe during normal use, and undesirable reactions to cosmetics, including skin irritation, are possible. (cir-safety.org)